Infosys
Infosys Limited is an Indian multinational information technology company that provides business consulting, information technology and outsourcing services. The company was founded in Pune and is headquartered in Bangalore.[5] Infosys is the second-largest Indian IT company, after Tata Consultancy Services, by 2020 revenue figures.
On 24 August 2021, Infosys became the fourth Indian company to reach US$100 billion in market capitalization. It is one of the top Big Tech (India) companies. 
Infosys was founded by seven engineers in Pune, Maharashtra, India with an initial capital of $250 in 1981. It was registered as Infosys Consultants Private Limited on 2 July 1981. In 1983, it relocated its office to Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
An initial public offering (IPO) was floated in February 1993 with an offer price of ?95 (equivalent to ?550 or US$7.80 in 2019) per share against a book value of ?20 (equivalent to ?120 or US$1.60 in 2019) per share. The IPO was undersubscribed but it was "bailed out" by US investment bank Morgan Stanley, which picked up a 13% equity stake at the offer price. Its shares were listed in June 1993 with trading opening at ?145 (equivalent to ?850 or US$12 in 2019) per share.
Its shares were listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange in 1999 as American depositary receipts. The share price surged to ?8,100 (equivalent to ?28,000 or US$390 in 2019) by 1999 making it the costliest share on the market at the time. At that time, Infosys was among the 20 biggest companies by market capitalization on the NASDAQ. The ADR listing was shifted from NASDAQ to NYSE Euronext to give European investors better access to the company's shares.
Infosys, Bangalore
Its annual revenue reached US$100 million in 1999, US$1 billion in 2004 and US$10 billion in 2017.
In 2012, Infosys announced a new office in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to serve Harley-Davidson, being the 18th international office in the United States. Infosys hired 1,200 United States employees in 2011, and expanded the workforce by an additional 2,000 employees in 2012. In April 2018 Infosys announced expanding in Indianapolis, Indiana. The development will include more than 120 acres and is expected to result in 3,000 new jobs—1,000 more than previously announced.
In July 2014, Infosys started a product subsidiary called EdgeVerve Systems, focusing on enterprise software products for business operations, customer service, procurement and commerce network domains. In August 2015, the Finacle Global Banking Solutions assets were officially transferred from Infosys and became part of the product company EdgeVerve Systems product portfolio.
Products and services
Infosys provides software development, maintenance and independent validation services to companies in finance, insurance, manufacturing and other domains.
One of its known products is Finacle which is a universal banking solution with various modules for retail and corporate banking.
Its key products and services are:
NIA – Next Generation Integrated AI Platform (formerly known as Mana)
Infosys Consulting – a global management consulting service
Infosys Information Platform (IIP) – Analytics platform
EdgeVerve Systems which includes Finacle, a global banking platform
Panaya Cloud Suite
Skava
Engineering Services
Digital Marketing
Infosys announced the launch of Aster in June 2024, an AI-powered platform designed to improve marketing efficiency through the use of artificial intelligence.
Wipro
Wipro Limited is an Indian multinational corporation that provides information technology, consulting and business process services. It is headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. In 2013, Wipro separated its non-IT businesses and formed the privately owned Wipro Enterprises. Wipro has shifted to Work from Anywhere model since March 2020.
Wipro's capabilities range across cloud computing, computer security, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, robotics, data analytics, and other technology consulting services to customers in 167 countries.
The company was incorporated on 29 December 1945 in Amalner, Maharashtra by Mohamed Premji as "Western India Palm Refined Oil Limited", later abbreviated to "Wipro". It was initially set up as a manufacturer of vegetable and refined oils in Amalner, Maharashtra, British India, under the trade names of Kisan, Sunflower, and Camel.
In 1966, after Mohamed Premji's death, his son Azim Premji took over Wipro as its chairman at the age of 21.
During the 1970s and 1980s, the company shifted its focus to new opportunities in the IT and computing industry, which was at a nascent stage in India at the time. On 7 June 1977, the name of the company changed from Western India Vegetable Products Limited, to Wipro Products Limited.
In 1995, Wipro set up an overseas design centre, Odyssey 21, for the projects of overseas clients. Wipro Infotech and Wipro Systems were amalgamated with Wipro in April that year. Five of Wipro's manufacturing and development facilities secured the ISO 9001 certification during 1994–95.
In 1999, Wipro acquired Wipro Acer, and released new products such as the Wipro SuperGenius personal computers (PCs). In 1999, it was the one Indian PC range to obtain US-based National Software Testing Laboratory (NSTL) certification for the Year 2000 (Y2K) compliance in hardware for all models.
In February 2002, Wipro became the first software technology and services company in India to be ISO 14001 certified.
As of March 2024, the promoter group headed by Azim Premji held a 72.88% stake in the company, while the remaining shares were with public shareholders and an employee trust.
In March 2021, Wipro acquired Capco, a 22-year-old global technology and management consultancy specializing in driving digital transformation in the financial services industry. Wipro signed an agreement to acquire Ampion for a cash consideration of $117 million.
In 2022, Wipro acquired American consulting firm Convergence Acceleration Solutions (CAS) for $80 million. This was followed by the acquisition of Rizing Intermediate Holdings, a US-based SAP consultancy company, for $540 million.
TCS
Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) services and consulting company headquartered in Mumbai. It is a part of the Tata Group and operates in 150 locations across 46 countries. In September 2023, it was reported that TCS had over 616,000 employees worldwide. TCS is the second-largest Indian company by market capitalization, the most valuable IT service brands worldwide, and the top Big Tech (India) company. As of June 2023, it was the world's second-largest user of U.S. H-1B visas.
As of 2021, it was ranked seventh on the Fortune India 500 list. In September 2021, TCS recorded a market capitalization of US$200 billion, making it the first Indian IT tech company to do so. In 2016–2017, parent company Tata Sons owned 72.05% of TCS and more than 70% of Tata Sons' dividends were generated by TCS.
Tata consultancy services is now placed among the most valuable IT services brands worldwide. In 2015, TCS was ranked 64th overall in the Forbes World's Most Innovative Companies ranking, making it both the highest-ranked IT services company and the top Indian company. As of 2018, it is ranked eleventh on the Fortune India 500 list. In April 2018, TCS became the first Indian IT company to reach $100 billion in market capitalisation, and second Indian company ever (after Reliance Industries achieved it in 2007) after its market capitalisation stood at ?6,79,332.81 crore ($102.6 billion) on the Bombay Stock Exchange.
In 2016–2017, Parent company Tata Sons owned 72.05% of TCS; and more than 70% of Tata Sons' dividends were generated by TCS. In March 2018, Tata Sons decided to sell stocks of TCS worth $1.25 billion in a bulk deal.
In anticipation of the Y2K bug and the launch of a unified European currency (Euro), Tata Consultancy Services created the factory model for Y2K conversion and developed software tools which automated the conversion process and enabled third-party developer and client implementation.
On 8 October 2020, TCS surpassed Accenture in market capitalization to become the world's most-valuable IT company with a market cap of $144.73 billion.
In May 2021, alongside consortium partner Neurotechnology, TCS was selected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to provide biometric technology for the Aadhaar digital ID program. The Aadhaar program has been described by the World Bank Chief Economist Paul Romer as the "most sophisticated ID programme in the world" owing to the existing database of over 1.3 billion citizens.