National Mineral Development Corporation

NMDC Limited, (formerly National Mineral Development Corporation), is a government owned mineral producer. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Steel, Government of India.

It is involved in the exploration of iron ore, copper, rock phosphate, limestone, dolomite, gypsum, bentonite, magnesite, diamond, tin, tungsten, graphite, etc.

It is India's largest iron ore producer and exporter, producing more than 35 million tonnes of iron ore from three mechanized mines in Chhattisgarh and Karnataka. It also operates the only mechanized diamond mine in the country at Panna in Madhya Pradesh.

Operating mines

• Bailadila Iron Ore Mine, Kirandul Complex, South Bastar district, Dantewada (C.G.)
• Bailadila Iron Ore Mine, Bacheli Complex, South Bastar district, Dantewada (C.G.)
• Donimalai Iron Ore Mine, Donimalai, Bellary district, Karnataka (at December 2019 suspended for over a year due to a royalty dispute)
• Diamond Mining Project, Majhgawan, Panna (M.P.)
• NMDC Ltd. is diversified into other raw materials for the steel industry such as low silica limestone. Production of dead burnt magnesite and further value addition is under study through its subsidiary J K Mineral Development Corporation Limited.

NMDC Ltd. has taken over a silica sand mining and beneficiation project from Uttar Pradesh State Mineral Development Corporation Ltd. The plant is designed to produce beneficiated high purity silica sand to a capacity of 300,000 tonnes per year as the raw material for production of float/sheet glass.

A memorandum of understanding has been signed between NMDC, Indian Rare Earths Limited, (IRE) and Andhra Pradesh Mineral Development Corporation to establish a joint venture for the development of Bheemunipatnam Beach Sand. The project envisages mining of beach sands, setting up of mineral separation plant for ilmenite concentrate and a downstream value addition plant for conversion of ilmenite into synthetic rutile/TiO2 slag/TiO2 pigment with pig iron as by-product.

Vedanta

Vedanta Resources Limited is a global diversified mining company with its headquarters in London, England. It is the largest mining and non-ferrous metals company in India and has mining operations in Australia and Zambia and oil and gas operations in three countries. Its main products are Zinc, Lead, Silver, Oil & Gas, Iron Ore, Steel, Aluminium and Power. It has also developed commercial power stations in India in Odisha (2,400 MW) and Punjab (1,980 MW).

The company is primarily owned by the family of Anil Agarwal through Volcan Investments, a holding vehicle with a 61.7% stake in the business. Vedanta limited (formerly Sesa Goa / Sterlite) is one of the many Indian subsidiaries of Vedanta resources and operates iron ore mines in Goa.

Vedanta was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until Chairman, Anil Agarwal's offer to take the company private went unconditional in September 2018. The company was founded in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1976 by Anil Agarwal, as a scrap-metal dealership. In 1979 he acquired the Shamsher Sterling Corporation (subsequently renamed Sterlite Industries), a manufacturer of power and control cables.

The company acquired a majority stake in Balco, the Indian state aluminium business, in 2001. It was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 2003 when, as Vedanta Resources, it raised US$876 million through an initial public offering.

In 2006 Vedanta acquired Sterlite Gold, a gold mining business, and in 2007, Vedanta Resources bought a 51% stake in Sesa Goa, India's largest producer-exporter of iron ore, and the company became listed on NYSE with a US$2 billion ADS issue.

In 2008 Vedanta bought certain of the assets of Asarco, a copper mining business, out of Chapter 11 for US$2.6 billion. and in 2010, it acquired Anglo-American's portfolio of Zinc assets in South Africa, Namibia and Ireland.

In 2011, Vedanta acquired 58.5% controlling stake in Cairn India, the India's largest private sector Oil & Gas company and in 2013, Sterlite Industries and Sesa Goa announced a merger. The merger took place in August 2013 and the consolidated group was then called Sesa Sterlite Ltd (now Vedanta Limited). In June 2018, Vedanta acquired 90% stake in Electrosteel Steels, a steel producer.

In September 2018 the company announced that Anil Agarwal would be taking Vedanta Resources private on 1 October 2018.

In September 2022, Vedanta signed a pact with Foxconn as a technical partner to invest ?1.54 trillion (US$19 billion) to set up semiconductor and display production plants in Gujarat. 

On March 24, 2024, Vedanta Ltd announced a $6 billion investment across various business verticals, including aluminium, zinc, iron ore, steel, and oil and gas, aiming to add at least $2.5 billion to its annual EBITDA. 

Hindalco Industries

Hindalco Industries Limited an Indian aluminium and copper manufacturing company, is a subsidiary of the Aditya Birla Group. Its headquarters are at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is the Flagship company in the metals business.

The company has annual sales of US$15 billion and employs around 20,000 people. It is listed in the Forbes Global 2000 at 895th rank. Its market capitalisation by the end of May 2013 was US$3.4 billion. Hindalco is one of the world's largest aluminium rolling companies and one of the biggest producers of primary aluminium in Asia.

The Hindustan Aluminum Corporation Limited was established in 1958 by the Aditya Birla Group. In 1962 the company began production in Renukoot in Uttar Pradesh making 20 thousand metric tons per year of aluminium metal and 40 thousand metric tons per year of alumina. In 1989 the company was restructured and renamed Hindalco.

On 11 February 2007, the company entered into an agreement to acquire the Canadian company Novelis for US$6 billion, making the combined entity the world's largest rolled-aluminium producer. At 2007 Novelis was the world's largest producer of rolled aluminium and a major recycler of aluminium cans. On 15 May 2007, the acquisition was completed with Novelis shareholders receiving $44.93 per outstanding share of common stock.

Hindalco, through its wholly owned subsidiary AV Metals Inc., acquired 75,415,536 common shares of Novelis, representing 100 percent of the issued and outstanding common shares. Immediately after closing, AV Metals Inc. transferred the common shares of Novelis to its wholly owned subsidiary AV Aluminum Inc. When Hindalco made this bid in 2007 this became the largest Indian investment in North America and the second-largest overseas investment by an Indian company (behind Tata Steel Europe's purchase of Corus two weeks earlier) to this time.

The day after Hindalco announced the acquisition its stock fell by 13% resulting in a US$600 million drop in market capitalisation. Shareholders criticised the deal but K.M. Birla responded that he had offered a fair price for the company and stated, "When you are acquiring a world leader you will have to pay a premium."

On 6 February 2024, Hindalco announced it is acquiring 26% stake in Ayana Renewable Power Four (ARPFPL) for a value of Rs 1.62 crore. Hindalco will operate a captive power generation plant for supplying 100 MW Renewable energy to Hindalcos smelter in Odisha.